What makes a funnel that forms a tornado drop from the sky?
Why doesnt the whole sky or cloud drop? Why just a small funnel compared to the could it spouts from?
from what I understand, it works like this: under a mesocyclone in very unstable air masses, wind shears create rollers. Imagine two air masses moving in different directions. Between them, a layer start rolling; the warmer air coming over the cold one. This is pretty much how the jet stream winds are coming on the top of a polar front: two air masses meet and roll over each other.
For the tornado, it is near the surface but then, it gets lifted up by the very strong convection above and it is only then it start to look like the familiar funnel shape of the tornado.
I may seem paradoxial that air rises from the ground. But the opposite also exists in what is called a micro-burst, a sudden sinking air column that goes down all the way to the ground. Contrary to the tornado that takes a lot of debris with it, the micro-bust is not visible and that’s why they represent a great danger to aviation, especially if they happen in the final stage of the approach to an airport, at low altitude.
Disclaimer: I am not a specialist about tornadoes but this is my understanding. I’d love to be corrected if someone else has a better or more detailed explanation.
British tornado drop bomb in Iraq.
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